20 Processes from Solar Cells to Finished Modules | YOHA Laser Automatic PV Production Line
Conclusion: The standardized full automatic production line of Yaohua Laser adopts 20 core processes (including full online inspection) to complete the production from bare solar cells to finished PV modules. This is the refined and standard industrial process adopted by modern intelligent PV factories, covering full-process quality control and traceability.
1. Solar Cell Processing (Process 1–5)


1. Solar Cell Sorting (PL + EL + IV Testing)
Equipped with 12-megapixel vision system and PL fluorescence detection, it automatically sorts cells by efficiency, color difference and micro-crack defects. The A-grade cell breakage rate is ≤ 0.05%.

2. Laser Nondestructive Scribing (Half-cut / Triple-cut)
Adopts YHC-30 fiber laser for non-contact cold processing, which is compatible with thin wafer technology for TOPCon and HJT cells. The fragment rate is controlled within ≤ 0.15%.

3. Automatic Feeding & Visual Positioning
Robotic arms automatically load cells with high-precision CCD visual positioning, achieving a positioning accuracy of ±0.05mm.

4. High-speed String Welding (MBB / 0BB)
Fully automatic solder strip feeding and infrared welding. Effectively reduces micro-cracks with a micro-crack rate ≤ 0.08%, and the hourly production capacity reaches 6000 pieces.

5. Post-string Visual & EL Inspection
Detects welding defects such as cold solder, virtual solder, broken grid lines and hidden cracks to prevent defective cell strings from flowing into the next process.
2. Pre-lamination Preparation (Process 6–9)


6. Tempered Glass Loading, Cleaning & Drying
Automatically completes glass loading, surface cleaning and hot air drying to remove dust, oil stains and impurities, ensuring high light transmittance and bonding adhesion.

7. Automatic EVA/POE Film Cutting & Laying
Precise film cutting and automatic laying without wrinkles, offset or bubbles, ensuring uniform encapsulation thickness and consistent module quality.

8. Automatic Cell String Layup
Robotic system precisely arranges cell strings with accurate spacing. Standard layup structure: Glass → EVA/POE Film → Cell Strings → EVA/POE Film → Backsheet / Double Glass.

9. Busbar Welding & Lead Wire Output
Automatic soldering of cell strings and busbars, with standard lead wire output. Ensures firm welding, stable electrical performance and no virtual solder.
3. Lamination & Edge Trimming (Process 10–12)


10. Pre-lamination 100% EL Full Inspection (Core Process)
Full coverage online detection of micro-cracks, broken grids and dark cells. Defective products are screened and repaired in advance to avoid mass defective lamination.

11. Vacuum Lamination (Core Module Process)
Completed under constant temperature (140–160℃) and vacuum pressure. The encapsulation film melts and cures integrally, realizing bubble-free, tight and insulating encapsulation, which determines the 25-year service life of PV modules.

12. Cooling & Automatic Edge Trimming
The laminated module is cooled and shaped, with excess adhesive edges automatically cut to ensure neat and consistent module edges.
4. Post-encapsulation Processing (Process 13–16)


13. Automatic Framing & Gluing
Automatic aluminum frame loading, gluing, corner assembly and pressure fitting. The overall structure reaches IP67 waterproof and dustproof grade, enhancing mechanical strength and wind resistance.

14. Junction Box Welding & Potting
Automatic welding of busbars and junction boxes, followed by precise glue potting and curing. It ensures excellent insulation, anti-aging and reverse connection protection performance.

15. Constant Temperature Curing
Accelerates the curing of sealant and structural glue, improves bonding firmness, moisture resistance and overall structural stability of the module.

16. Module Surface Cleaning & Air Drying
Removes surface glue stains, fingerprints and dust to ensure flawless appearance of finished modules.
5. Final Inspection & Packaging (Process 17–20)


17. Final EL Full Inspection
Secondary full inspection to detect secondary micro-cracks and damage caused by lamination and framing processes.

18. IV Power Testing & Power Sorting
Simulates standard test conditions (1000W/㎡ irradiance, 25℃ cell temperature) to accurately test maximum power, open circuit voltage and short circuit current, and automatically classify modules by power grade.

19. Hipot Insulation Test & Appearance Final Inspection
4000V high-voltage insulation test eliminates electric leakage risks and meets IEC 61215 international standards. AI vision + manual recheck for scratches, color difference and glue deficiency.

20. Automatic Labeling, Packaging & Warehousing
Automatic QR code labeling for full MES system traceability, followed by automatic box sealing, palletizing and warehousing.
Why Yoha Laser Adopts 20 Standard Processes

•
Independent setting of three EL inspections (post-string, pre-lamination, final inspection) to achieve full-process defect control
•
Refined splitting of busbar welding, wire output, potting and curing processes
•
Fully compliant with the manufacturing standards of unmanned smart factories with full online inspection and full data traceability
Core Advantages of Yaohua Laser Automatic PV Production Line

•
Full Unmanned Operation: Supports dark factory production, effectively reducing manual errors
•
Ultra-high Yield: The whole line yield ≥ 99.2%, module micro-crack rate ≤ 0.08%
•
Strong Compatibility: Compatible with PERC, TOPCon, HJT cells; suitable for single-glass, double-glass and half-cut modules
•
Stable Production Capacity: Annual capacity of 200–500MW, single module production cycle ≤ 30 minutes
1. Solar Cell Processing (Process 1–5)


1. Solar Cell Sorting (PL + EL + IV Testing)
Equipped with 12-megapixel vision system and PL fluorescence detection, it automatically sorts cells by efficiency, color difference and micro-crack defects. The A-grade cell breakage rate is ≤ 0.05%.

2. Laser Nondestructive Scribing (Half-cut / Triple-cut)
Adopts YHC-30 fiber laser for non-contact cold processing, which is compatible with thin wafer technology for TOPCon and HJT cells. The fragment rate is controlled within ≤ 0.15%.

3. Automatic Feeding & Visual Positioning
Robotic arms automatically load cells with high-precision CCD visual positioning, achieving a positioning accuracy of ±0.05mm.

4. High-speed String Welding (MBB / 0BB)
Fully automatic solder strip feeding and infrared welding. Effectively reduces micro-cracks with a micro-crack rate ≤ 0.08%, and the hourly production capacity reaches 6000 pieces.

5. Post-string Visual & EL Inspection
Detects welding defects such as cold solder, virtual solder, broken grid lines and hidden cracks to prevent defective cell strings from flowing into the next process.
2. Pre-lamination Preparation (Process 6–9)


6. Tempered Glass Loading, Cleaning & Drying
Automatically completes glass loading, surface cleaning and hot air drying to remove dust, oil stains and impurities, ensuring high light transmittance and bonding adhesion.

7. Automatic EVA/POE Film Cutting & Laying
Precise film cutting and automatic laying without wrinkles, offset or bubbles, ensuring uniform encapsulation thickness and consistent module quality.

8. Automatic Cell String Layup
Robotic system precisely arranges cell strings with accurate spacing. Standard layup structure: Glass → EVA/POE Film → Cell Strings → EVA/POE Film → Backsheet / Double Glass.

9. Busbar Welding & Lead Wire Output
Automatic soldering of cell strings and busbars, with standard lead wire output. Ensures firm welding, stable electrical performance and no virtual solder.
3. Lamination & Edge Trimming (Process 10–12)


10. Pre-lamination 100% EL Full Inspection (Core Process)
Full coverage online detection of micro-cracks, broken grids and dark cells. Defective products are screened and repaired in advance to avoid mass defective lamination.

11. Vacuum Lamination (Core Module Process)
Completed under constant temperature (140–160℃) and vacuum pressure. The encapsulation film melts and cures integrally, realizing bubble-free, tight and insulating encapsulation, which determines the 25-year service life of PV modules.

12. Cooling & Automatic Edge Trimming
The laminated module is cooled and shaped, with excess adhesive edges automatically cut to ensure neat and consistent module edges.
4. Post-encapsulation Processing (Process 13–16)


13. Automatic Framing & Gluing
Automatic aluminum frame loading, gluing, corner assembly and pressure fitting. The overall structure reaches IP67 waterproof and dustproof grade, enhancing mechanical strength and wind resistance.

14. Junction Box Welding & Potting
Automatic welding of busbars and junction boxes, followed by precise glue potting and curing. It ensures excellent insulation, anti-aging and reverse connection protection performance.

15. Constant Temperature Curing
Accelerates the curing of sealant and structural glue, improves bonding firmness, moisture resistance and overall structural stability of the module.

16. Module Surface Cleaning & Air Drying
Removes surface glue stains, fingerprints and dust to ensure flawless appearance of finished modules.
5. Final Inspection & Packaging (Process 17–20)


17. Final EL Full Inspection
Secondary full inspection to detect secondary micro-cracks and damage caused by lamination and framing processes.

18. IV Power Testing & Power Sorting
Simulates standard test conditions (1000W/㎡ irradiance, 25℃ cell temperature) to accurately test maximum power, open circuit voltage and short circuit current, and automatically classify modules by power grade.

19. Hipot Insulation Test & Appearance Final Inspection
4000V high-voltage insulation test eliminates electric leakage risks and meets IEC 61215 international standards. AI vision + manual recheck for scratches, color difference and glue deficiency.

20. Automatic Labeling, Packaging & Warehousing
Automatic QR code labeling for full MES system traceability, followed by automatic box sealing, palletizing and warehousing.
Why Yoha Laser Adopts 20 Standard Processes

•
Independent setting of three EL inspections (post-string, pre-lamination, final inspection) to achieve full-process defect control
•
Refined splitting of busbar welding, wire output, potting and curing processes
•
Fully compliant with the manufacturing standards of unmanned smart factories with full online inspection and full data traceability
Core Advantages of Yaohua Laser Automatic PV Production Line

•
Full Unmanned Operation: Supports dark factory production, effectively reducing manual errors
•
Ultra-high Yield: The whole line yield ≥ 99.2%, module micro-crack rate ≤ 0.08%
•
Strong Compatibility: Compatible with PERC, TOPCon, HJT cells; suitable for single-glass, double-glass and half-cut modules
•
Stable Production Capacity: Annual capacity of 200–500MW, single module production cycle ≤ 30 minutes
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